Retrofitting

The engineer performs exhaustive calculations on a building before designing an HVAC system. These take into account the lighting and equipment heat sources, the latent and sensible load of people, in addition to contributions from […]

When an HVAC designer is engineering the air handler, the maximum occupancy is used to establish the outside-air requirements. This can place an unnecessary load on the air handler for large assembly areas such as […]

Even though the boiler installed at a facility may be small, and even though it may use a fuel source such as natural gas or oil that’s relatively inexpensive, that’s no excuse for not following […]

A simple way to supply fresh air to a space is to introduce it at the air handler. There it’s mixed with the return air, and then supplied in equal proportion to all spaces supplied […]

Where electric heat elements are used, their performance can be improved by several simple measures: 1. Keep the heat-transfer surfaces clean and unobstructed. 2. Ensure proper functioning of all heating elements, controls, and fans. 3. […]