Retrofitting

Hydronic systems are not that different from ducted air-distribution systems. The duct is sized according to the airflow rate, and often there’s no need for dampers to control the flow to the various branch ducts. […]

Air handlers with dual ducts, or multi-zone units, have adjacent heating and cooling decks that produce hot and cold air to the dual duct system, before being delivered to the mixing box and then to […]

A bent open tube facing upstream in a uniform airflow regime is used to measure the static pressure in the duct. If connected to a vertical capillary tube, it will cause the fluid to rise, […]

The engineer performs exhaustive calculations on a building before designing an HVAC system. These take into account the lighting and equipment heat sources, the latent and sensible load of people, in addition to contributions from […]

When an HVAC designer is engineering the air handler, the maximum occupancy is used to establish the outside-air requirements. This can place an unnecessary load on the air handler for large assembly areas such as […]