Retrofitting

A variable-volume system provides air at a constant temperature to each space served. Terminal units in each zone adjust the volume of air delivered to each zone, depending on the load requirement of that area. […]

Some systems are constant volume by design. Others, such as dual duct systems, are comprised of individual constant-volume systems—i.e., are designed to deliver a specific volume of air at a constant temperature. Some energy-conserving opportunities […]

A central unit provides heated and cooled air at a constant temperature in a dual-duct system. Two ducts go to a mixing box at each zone. There, hot and cold air are mixed by a […]

Steam traps are designed to purge condensate from a steam-distribution system. Condensate is produced when hot, high-pressure steam contacts the colder pipe walls, and the temperature drops enough to cause condensation, a change of state […]

A quick check of consequential aspects of the steam system should be a regular task before the heating season begins: 1. Inspect insulation of the system, especially at economizers, receiver tanks, and other often-overlooked portions […]