Retrofitting

As fluid is lost from a steam or hot-water loop through steam traps, valves, and fittings, it must be replaced with clean water. This replacement water is not pure but has chemicals that it introduces […]

Any increase in the temperature of the combustion air or fuel oil increases the efficiency of the boiler. One method is appropriate for large boiler rooms, where incidental heat rising from hot pipes and furnace […]

Air-cooled chillers are popular with smaller commercial facilities that aren’t quite big enough to justify a chiller and cooling tower. Air-cooling is an energy-intensive process that requires many fans operating to cool the refrigerant. The […]

A variation of a water-source heat pump is a WSHP that rejects heat to the ground, instead of to the air at a cooling tower. The water from the refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger is circulated by […]

There are many applications in the HVAC industry where a chemical must be added to a volume of water. Condenser water, in an open cycle that passes through a cooling tower, must be chemically treated […]