Retrofitting

The engineer performs exhaustive calculations on a building before designing an HVAC system. These take into account the lighting and equipment heat sources, the latent and sensible load of people, in addition to contributions from […]

Good design practice requires separate air-conditioning systems for areas that are regularly 8-hour occupancies and those that are 24-hour occupancies. This applies to hospitals, schools, factories, and other facilities on an extended work schedule. If […]

Any increase in the temperature of the combustion air or fuel oil increases the efficiency of the boiler. One method is appropriate for large boiler rooms, where incidental heat rising from hot pipes and furnace […]

Air-cooled chillers are popular with smaller commercial facilities that aren’t quite big enough to justify a chiller and cooling tower. Air-cooling is an energy-intensive process that requires many fans operating to cool the refrigerant. The […]

A variation of a water-source heat pump is a WSHP that rejects heat to the ground, instead of to the air at a cooling tower. The water from the refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger is circulated by […]