Retrofitting

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Retrofitting

Functional Layout

Architects and interior designers strive to arrange spaces for optimal traffic flow. However, they seldom try to situate areas of similar occupancy schedules in the same area. This ensures easy access for staff. The modular […]
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Retrofitting

Sequencing Controls for Boilers and Chillers

An installation with several chillers or boilers can benefit from staging the equipment on-line, matching the load to the capacity of the equipment. A manual operation can use a small boiler, for example, to handle […]
Retrofitting

Architectural Overview

There have been hints of aesthetic, nontechnical conservation techniques in each block of projects discussed so far. Tactful treatment of daylighting, using windbreaks, and recognizing the predominant direction of heat from the sun in the […]
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Retrofitting

Thermal Bridging

The design of buildings is traditionally a very compartmentalized process. The architect establishes a footprint of the building and a tentative floor plan. Then the structural engineer builds a steel or concrete substructure for the […]
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Retrofitting

Below-Grade Construction

Many buildings in colder climates have basements built below grade. This floor is often used for storage and other activities that don’t need a conditioned space such as mechanical equipment, parking, and janitorial functions. The […]