Retrofitting

Two kinds of fans are used in HVAC applications: centrifugal and axial. Centrifugal fans can generate higher pressures, such as those needed to overcome the high resistance of duct systems, while axial-flow fans can deliver […]

A large facility may have a complex fluid loop, with several sub-branches off the main supply and return lines. Each loop should be provided with valves on the supply and return lines. These serve two […]

A cooling tower is a complex system designed to cool the circulating water by evaporation. The water is atomized, then circulated through the tower, where it’s further cooled by a forced airflow caused by the […]

A new technology to replace the air-cooled condenser technology is the Water-Source Heat Pump (WSHP). Instead of rejecting heat to the atmosphere via an air-cooled condensing unit, the WSHP rejects heat to water in a […]

As with any complex mechanical system, maintenance is the key to performance. Cooling towers are more intricate than most systems, representing the careful coordination of fluid, electrical, and mechanical systems. As a result, there are […]